- Afghanistan
- President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2001–present)
- Bahrain
- Monarch - Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
- Prime Minister - Prince Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)[3]
- Bangladesh
- President
- Zillur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (2009–2013)
- Abdul Hamid, President of Bangladesh (2013–present)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2009–present)
- President
- Bhutan
- Monarch – Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (2006–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2008–2013)
- Tshering Tobgay, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2013–present)
- Brunei
- Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[4]
- Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Cambodia
- Monarch – Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)
- Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present)[5]
- China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader - Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (2012–present)
- President –
- Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013)
- Xi Jinping, President of China (2013–present)
- Premier –
- Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013)
- Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of China (2013–present)
- East Timor
- President – Taur Matan Ruak, President of East Timor (2012–present)
- Prime Minister – Xanana Gusmão, Prime Minister of East Timor (2007–present)
- India
- President – Pranab Mukherjee, President of India (2012–present)
- Prime Minister – Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–present)
- Indonesia
- President – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of Indonesia (2004–present)
- Iran
- Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran (2005–2013)
- Hassan Rouhani, President of Iran (2013–present)
- Iraq
- President – Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq (2005–present)[6]
- Prime Minister – Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq (2006–present)
- Israel
- President – Shimon Peres, President of Israel (2007–present)
- Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (2009–present)
- Palestine[7] (non-state administrative authority)
- President - Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2005–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Gaza Strip (in rebellion against the Palestinian National Authority renamed itself State of Palestine)
- President - Aziz Duwaik, Acting President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2009–present)
- Prime Minister - Ismail Haniyeh, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2007–present)
- Japan
- Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
- Prime Minister – Shinzō Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (2012–present)
- Jordan
- Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Abdullah Ensour, Prime Minister of Jordan (2012–present)
- Kazakhstan
- President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)[8]
- Prime Minister – Serik Akhmetov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2012–present)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-un, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (2012–present)
- De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-un, First Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea[9] (2011–present)
- De jure Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–present)
- Premier –
- Choe Yong-rim, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2010–2013)
- Pak Pong-ju, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2013–present)
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President –
- Lee Myung-bak, President of South Korea (2008–2013)
- Park Geun-hye, President of South Korea (2013–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Kim Hwang-sik, Prime Minister of South Korea (2010–2013)
- Jung Hong-won, Prime Minister of South Korea (2013–present)
- President –
- Kuwait
- Monarch – Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (2006–present)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2011–present)
- Kyrgyzstan
- President – Almazbek Atambayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (2011–present)
- Prime Minister – Zhantoro Satybaldiyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2012–present)
- Laos
- Communist Party Leader – Choummaly Sayasone, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (2006–present)
- President – Choummaly Sayasone, President of Laos (2006–present)
- Prime Minister – Thongsing Thammavong, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2010–present)
- Lebanon
- President – Michel Suleiman, President of Lebanon (2008–present)
- Prime Minister – Najib Mikati, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2011–present)
- Malaysia
- Monarch – Abdul Halim, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2011–present)
- Prime Minister – Najib Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009–present)
- Maldives
- President –
- Mohammed Waheed Hassan, President of Maldives (2012–2013)
- Abdulla Yameen, President of Maldives (2013–present)
- President –
- Mongolia
- President – Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, President of Mongolia (2009–present)
- Prime Minister – Norovyn Altankhuyag, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2012–present)
- Myanmar
- President – Thein Sein, President of Myanmar (2011–present)
- Nepal
- President – Ram Baran Yadav, President of Nepal (2008–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Baburam Bhattarai, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Nepal (2011–2013)
- Khil Raj Regmi, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Nepal (2013–present)
- Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan
- President
- Asif Ali Zardari, President of Pakistan (2008–2013)
- Mamnoon Hussain, President of Pakistan (2013–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Raja Pervaiz Ashraf, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2012–2013)
- Mir Hazar Khan Khoso, Acting Prime Minister of Pakistan (2013)
- Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2013–present)
- President
- Philippines
- President – Benigno Aquino, President of the Philippines (2010–present)
- Bangsamoro Republik (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- declared independence on 12 August 2013, extinguished on 28 September 2013
- President – Nur Misuari, President of the Bangsamoro Republik (2013)
- Qatar
- Monarch –
- Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (2013–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2007–2013)
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2013–present)
- Monarch –
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch – Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia (2005–present)
- Prime Minister – Abdullah, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2005–present)
- Singapore
- President – Tony Tan, President of Singapore (2011–present)
- Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–present)
- Sri Lanka
- President – Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2005–present)
- Prime Minister – D. M. Jayaratne, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2010–present)
- Syria
- Syrian Arab Republic
- President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Wael Nader al-Halqi, Prime Minister of Syria (2012–present)
- Syrian Interim Government (partially recognized rival government)
- the National Coalition formed an interim government on 19 March 2013
- President –
- Prime Minister –
- Syrian Arab Republic
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President – Ma Ying-jeou, President of Taiwan (2008–present)
- Premier –
- Sean Chen, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2012–2013)
- Jiang Yi-huah, President of the Executive Yuan of the Taiwan (2013–present)
- Tajikistan
- President – Emomalii Rahmon, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister
- Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
- Kokhir Rasulzoda, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (2013–present)
- Thailand
- Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister – Yingluck Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2011–present)
- Turkey
- President – Abdullah Gül, President of Turkey (2007–present)
- Prime Minister – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–present)
- Turkmenistan
- President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, President of Turkmenistan (2006–present)
- United Arab Emirates
- President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–present)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (2006–present)
- Uzbekistan
- President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–present)[10]
- Prime Minister – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–present)
- Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader – Nguyễn Phú Trọng, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2011–present)
- President – Trương Tấn Sang, President of Vietnam (2011–present)
- Prime Minister – Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (2006–present)
- Yemen
- President - Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi, President of Yemen (2012–present)
- Prime Minister – Mohammed Basindawa, Prime Minister of Yemen (2011–present)
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