Useful knowledge

>. मंत्रीमंडल सामूहिक रूप से किसके प्रति उत्तरदायी है।
- लोकसभा के प्रति
1. वर्ष 2010 के लिए वर्ल्ड स्पोर्ट्समैन ऑफ द ईयर का लॉरियस पुरस्कार किसे दिया गया।
- राफेल नडाल
2. किस अनुच्छेद के तहत विधानसभा को परिषद का सृजन करने का प्रस्ताव पास करने की अनुमति है।
- अनुच्छेद 169
3. किसे वर्ष 2011 के लिए प्रतिष्ठित एबेल पुरस्कार प्रदान किया गया।
- जॉन विलार्ड मिलनॉर
4. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय अपराधिकपुलिस संगठन (इंटरपोल) का मुख्यालय कहां स्थित है।
- लियोन (फ्रांस)
5. उत्तर अटलांटिक संधि संगठन (नाटो) का मुख्यालय कहांहै।
- ब्रुसेल्स (बेल्जियम)
6. आसियान का मुख्यालय स्थित है।
- जकार्ता (इंडोनेसिया)
7. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय श्रम संगठन(आईएलओ) का मुख्यालय कहां पर है।
- जिनेवा (स्विट्जरलैंड)
8. संयुक्त राष्ट्र विश्वविद्यालय का मुख्यालय है।
- नैरोबी (केन्या)
9. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापारकेंद्र स्थित है।
- न्यूयार्क

INDIAN STATES & THEIR CAPITALS

1. Andhra Pradesh - Hyderabad
2. Arunachal Pradesh - Itanagar
3. Assam - Dispur
4. Bihar - Patna
5. Chhattisgarh - Raipur
6. Goa - Panaji
7. Gujarat - Gandhinagar
8. Haryana - Chandigarh
9. Himachal Pradesh - Shimla
10. Jammu and Kashmir - Srinagar (summer), Jammu (winter)
11. Jharkhand - Ranchi
12. Karnataka - Bengaluru
13. Kerala - Thiruvananthapuram
14. Madhya Pradesh - Bhopal
15. Maharashtra - Mumbai
16. Manipur - Imphal
17. Meghalaya - Shillong
18. Mizoram - Aizawl
19. Nagaland - Kohima
20. Orissa - Bhubaneswar
21. Punjab - Chandigarh
22. Rajasthan - Jaipur
23. Sikkim - Gangtok
24. Tamil Nadu - Chennai
25. Tripura - Agartala
26. Uttar Pradesh - Lucknow
27. Uttarakhand - Dehradun
28. West Bengal - Kolkata

Did u Know : Mount Etna

When Mount Etna erupted on April 11,2013, it created amazing smoke rings. Toroidal Vortices or Volcanic smoke rings are rare, but well-documented.

http://strangesounds.org/2013/05/spectacular-earth-phenomenon-volcanic-smoke-rings-during-eruption-of-mt-etna-italy.html

Forbes Top 10 Indian Billionaires

1. Mukesh Ambani— $21 billion (Reliance Industries)
2. Lakshmi Mittal — $16 billion (ArcelorMittal)
3. Azim Premji— $12.2 billion (Wipro)
4. Pallonji Mistry— $9.8 billion (Shapoorji Pallonji Group)
5. Dilip Shanghvi — $9.2 billion (Sun Pharmaceuticals)
6. Adi Godrej— $9 billion (Godrej Group)
7. Savitri Jindal and family — $8.2 billion (Jindal Group)
8. Shashi & Ravi Ruia— $8.1 billion (Essar Group)
9. Hinduja brothers— $8 billion (Hinduja Group)
10. Kumar Mangalam Birla— $7.8 billion (Aditya Birla Group)

Did u know : Pisces III: A dramatic underwater rescue

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23862359

Forty years ago two British sailors plunged almost 1,600ft into an abyss, 150 miles off Ireland, in a deep-sea submersible. Trapped in a 6ft-diameter steel ball for three days, the men had only 12 minutes of oxygen left when they were finally rescued.

The story of Pisces III, which made headlines at the time, is now largely forgotten.

But on Wednesday 29 August 1973 former Royal Navy submariner Roger Chapman, then 28, and engineer Roger Mallinson, then 35, plunged to the bottom of the Atlantic ocean in an accident, sparking a 76-hour international rescue operation.

Pisces III was used to lay transatlantic telephone cable on the sea bottom off Ireland in 1973. When a buoyancy tank was inadvertently flooded, it sank to the bottom of the ocean with its two-man crew, Britons Roger Mallinson and Roger Chapman, stranded at a depth of 1,575 feet (480 m) and 72 hours of available life support, which they were able to extend to 76 hours by careful conservation.

Initial rescue efforts by Pisces III sister submersibles were unsuccessful. Through an international effort of the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, the U.S. Navy Cable-controlled Undersea Recovery Vehicle (CURV-III) was deployed within 24 hours 6,000 miles from its home base. Deployment of CURV-III from CCGS John Cabot was hampered by heavy sea conditions. Rapid repairs were made when CURV-III’s gyroscope failed and electronics shorted-out after green water came aboard the Cabot. Assisted by the submersibles Pisces II and Pisces V, CURV-III was able to attach lines to the Pisces III hatch. The Cabot raised CURV-III at 60 to 100 feet (18 to 30 m) per minute until their lines entangled. The lines were cut, CURV-III was abandoned, and Pisces III was floated to 60 feet (18 m) where scuba divers were able to attach lines that were used to lift Pisces III the rest of the way to the surface. CURV-III performed the deepest underwater rescue in history when Pisces III’s two-man crew was rescued after 76 hours with just minutes of air remaining.

WINNERS OF PARAMVEER CHAKRA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2muiD8XHMs

1. IC-- 521 Major Som Nath Sharma, 4 Kumaon Regiment, November 3, 1947, Badgam Kashmir (posthumous)

2. IC-22356 Lance Naik Karham Singh M M, 1 Sikh Regiment, October 13, 1948, Tithwal Kashmir

3. SS-14246 Second Lt Rama Raghobe Rane, Corps of Engineers, April 8, 1948, Naushera, Kashmir

4. 27373 Naik Jadu Nath Singh, 1 Rajput Regiment, February 1948, Naushera, Kashmir (posthumous)

5. 2831592 Company Havildar Major Piru Singh, 6 Rajputana Rifles, July 17/18, 1948, Tithwal, Kashmir (posthumous)

6. IC-8497 Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria, 3/1 Gurkha Rifles, December 5, 1961, Elizabethville, Katanga, Congo (posthumous)

7. IC-7990 Major Dhan Singh Thapa, 1/8 Gurkha Rifles, October 20, 1962, Ladakh, India

8. JC-4547 Subedar Joginder Singh, 1 Sikh Regiment, October 23, 1962, Tongpen La, Northeast Frontier Agency, India (posthumous)

9. Major Shaitan Singh, Kumaon Regiment, November 18, 1962, Rezang La (posthumous)

10. 2639885 Company Havildar Major Abdul Hamid, 4 Grenadiers, September 10, 1965, Chima, Khem Karan Sector (posthumous)

11. IC-5565 Lieutenant-Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore, 17 Poona Horse, October 15, 1965, Phillora, Sialkot Sector, Pakistan (posthumous)

12. 4239746 Lance Naik Albert Ekka, 14 Guards, December 3, 1971, Gangasagar (posthumous)

13. 10877 (P) Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, Indian Air Force, December 14, 1971, Srinagar, Kashmir (posthumous)

14. IC-25067 2/Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal, 17 Poona Horse, December 16, 1971, Jarpal, Shakargarh Sector, (posthumous)

15. IC-14608 Major Hoshiar Singh, Grenadiers, December 17, 1971, Basantar River, Shakargarh Sector

16. Naib Subedar Bana Singh, 8 Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry, June 23, 1987, Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir

17. Major Ramaswamy Parmeshwaran, 8 Mahar Regiment, November 25, 1987, Sri Lanka (posthumous)

18. IC-57556 Captain Vikram Batra, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, July 6, 1999(posthumous)

19. IC-56959 Lt Manoj Kumar Pandey, 1/11 Gorkha Rifles, July 3, 1999, Khaluber/Juber Top, Batalik sector, Kargil area, Jammu and Kashmir (posthumous)

20. No 2690572 Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav, 18 Grenadiers, July 4, 1999, Tiger Hill, Kargil area

21. Rifleman Sanjay Kumar, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, July 5, 1999

Did you know: Town with no sunlight for 84 days a year

There's a town in Italy that doesn't get sunlight for 84 days a year. They've solved this problem with a giant mirror
Call it the reverse Montgomery Burns scheme. The little town of Viganella is located amidst the Italian side of the Alps. During the winter time, the shift in the sun's pattern makes it so that it never clears the 1600 feet tall mountain that's close to the town. This means that for 84 days, they do not get any sunlight. The townspeople end up suffering from Seasonal Affective Disorder, a type of mild depression.
To solve this, the government installed a massive mirror on the side of the mountain. It measure 26x16 feet and is computer controlled to follow the trajectory of the Sun. The result is that starting in 2006, the town was able to celebrate the first winter sun in 600 years!